Common Core Reading (CCSS):

• Informational/Nonfiction Standards R.I. 1-10 for grades 3-5

NGSS:

Performance Expectations (PE):

• 3-PS2-2: Make observations and/or measurements of an object’s motion to provide evidence that a pattern can be used to predict future motion. 
• 5-ESS1-1: Support an argument that differences in the apparent brightness of the Sun compared to other stars is due to their relative distances from the Earth. 
• 5-ESS1-2 Represent data in graphical displays to reveal patterns of daily changes in length and direction of shadows, day and night, and the seasonal appearance of some stars in the night sky. 

Science and Engineering Practices (SEP): (text supports students to reach SEPs)

• Using Mathematics and Computational Thinking
• Analyzing and Interpreting Data
• Engaging in Argument from Evidence
• Developing and Using Models

Disciplinary Core Ideas (DCI):

• 5-ESS3-1: Human activities in agriculture, industry, and everyday life have had major effects on the land, vegetation, streams, ocean, air, and even outer space. But individuals and communities are doing things to help protect Earth’s resources and environments. 
• 5-ESS1-1: The Sun is a star that appears larger and brighter than other stars because it is closer. Stars range greatly in their distance from Earth.
• 5-PS3-1: The energy released [from] food was once energy from the Sun that was captured by plants in the chemical process that forms plant matter (from air and water). 
• 5-ESS1-2: The orbits of Earth around the Sun and of the Moon around Earth, together with the rotation of Earth about an axis between its North and South poles, cause observable patterns. These include day and night; daily changes in the length and direction of shadows; and different positions of the Sun, Moon, and stars at different times of the day, month, and year.
• 3-PS2-2: The patterns of an object’s motion in various situations can be observed and measured; when that past motion exhibits a regular pattern, future motion can be predicted from it.
• 5-PS2-1: The gravitational force of Earth acting on an object near Earth’s surface pulls that object toward the planet’s center.

Crosscutting Concepts (CC): (text supports students to reach CCs)

• Systems and System Models
• Scale, Proportion, and Quantity 
• Cause and Effect 
• Energy and Matter
• Patterns